📚 Python Fayl Operatsiyalari

Binary fayllar va fayl rejimlari (r, w, a)

🎯 Maqsad: Python'da fayllar bilan professional darajada ishlashni o'rganish

👨‍💻 Python Ustozi bilan

📋 Dars Rejasi

Fayl rejimlari (r, w, a) - 20 daqiqa
Binary fayllar bilan ishlash - 25 daqiqa
Amaliy misollar - 20 daqiqa
Mashqlar - 25 daqiqa
Xulosa va uy vazifasi - 20 daqiqa
Savol-javob - 10 daqiqa

Jami: 120 daqiqa (2 soat) 🕐

📄 Fayl Turlari

Matnli Fayllar	Binary Fayllar
📝 .txt, .csv, .py	🖼️ .jpg, .mp3, .exe
O'qib bo'ladigan matn	Ikkilik (binary) format
Kichik hajmli	Katta hajmli
Tezkor o'qish	Samarali xotira

🔧 Fayl Rejimlari

"r" - O'qish (Read)

• Fayldan ma'lumot o'qish uchun

• Standart rejim

• Fayl mavjud bo'lishi shart

"w" - Yozish (Write)

• Faylga yozish uchun

• Eski ma'lumotlarni o'chiradi

• Fayl yo'q bo'lsa yaratadi

"a" - Qo'shish (Append)

• Fayl oxiriga qo'shish

• Eski ma'lumotlar saqlanadi

• Fayl yo'q bo'lsa yaratadi

📝 Oddiy Fayl Misoli

# Yozish
with open("matn.txt", "w") as fayl:
    fayl.write("Salom, dunyo!")

# O'qish
with open("matn.txt", "r") as fayl:
    matn = fayl.read()
    print(matn)  # Salom, dunyo!

# Qo'shish
with open("matn.txt", "a") as fayl:
    fayl.write("\nYana bir qator!")
                

with operatori fayl avtomatik yopilishini ta'minlaydi! ✅

🔢 Binary Rejimlar

"rb" - Binary o'qish

"wb" - Binary yozish

"ab" - Binary qo'shish

# Binary yozish
with open("binary.bin", "wb") as fayl:
    fayl.write(b"Bu binary ma'lumot")

# Binary o'qish
with open("binary.bin", "rb") as fayl:
    ma'lumot = fayl.read()
    print(ma'lumot)  # b'Bu binary ma\'lumot'
                

⚠️ Binary ma'lumotlarda b prefiksi ishlatish shart!

🔄 Binary ↔ Matn

# Binary'dan matnga o'tkazish
with open("binary.bin", "rb") as fayl:
    binary_ma'lumot = fayl.read()
    matn = binary_ma'lumot.decode("utf-8")
    print(matn)  # Bu binary ma'lumot

# Matndan binary'ga o'tkazish
matn = "Salom!"
binary_ma'lumot = matn.encode("utf-8")
print(binary_ma'lumot)  # b'Salom!'
                

decode(): bytes → str

encode(): str → bytes

🔢 Sonlar bilan Ishlash (struct)

import struct

# Sonni binary formatda saqlash
with open("son.bin", "wb") as fayl:
    son = 42
    fayl.write(struct.pack("i", son))

# Sonni binary formatdan o'qish
with open("son.bin", "rb") as fayl:
    ma'lumot = fayl.read()
    son = struct.unpack("i", ma'lumot)[0]
    print(son)  # 42
                

"i" - integer (4 bayt)

"f" - float, "d" - double

💡 To'liq Amaliy Misol

# Matnli fayl bilan ishlash
with open("test.txt", "w") as fayl:
    fayl.write("Birinchi qator\n")

with open("test.txt", "a") as fayl:
    fayl.write("Ikkinchi qator\n")

with open("test.txt", "r") as fayl:
    print(fayl.read())

# Binary fayl bilan ishlash
with open("data.bin", "wb") as fayl:
    fayl.write(b"Binary ma'lumot")

with open("data.bin", "rb") as fayl:
    print(fayl.read().decode("utf-8"))
                

🏋️ Amaliy Mashqlar

Mashq 1: Fayl rejimlari

• "salom.txt" faylini yarating

• "w" rejimida "Salom!" yozing

• "a" rejimida "Qalaysan?" qo'shing

• "r" rejimida o'qib chiqaring

Mashq 2: Binary fayllar

• "data.bin" faylini yarating

• b"Binary test" yozing

• O'qib, decode qiling

Mashq 3: Sonlar

• struct bilan 50, 75 sonlarini saqlang

• O'qib, ekranga chiqaring

🏠 Uy Vazifasi

xabar.txt - "Xayrli kun!" va "\nYaxshimisiz?" yozing

test_binary.bin - b"Salom, binary dunyo!" saqlang

sonlar.bin - 25 va 150 sonlarini struct bilan saqlang

⏰ Muddat: Keyingi darsga qadar

📧 Topshirish: Barcha kodlar va natijalarni yuboring

🎯 Xulosa

Bugun o'rgandik:

Fayl rejimlari: r, w, a
Binary rejimlar: rb, wb, ab
encode() va decode()
struct moduli bilan sonlar
Amaliy misollar va mashqlar

Keyingi dars: Modules va Packages 📦

Savollaringiz bormi? 🤔

Rahmat! 👏