To'liq Dars Prezentatsiyasi
Bu kurs Python dasturlash tilining asosiy tushunchalarini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Siz Python'ning eng muhim elementlarini amaliy misollar bilan o'rganasiz.
Kurs taxminan 3-4 soat davom etadi. Har bir mavzu amaliy misollar va topshiriklar bilan to'ldirilgan.
Python dasturlash tilining asosiy tushunchalarini, ma'lumotlar bilan ishlashni, mantiqiy operatorlarni va sodda dasturlar yozishni o'rganasiz. Bu bilimlar bilan oddiy loyihalar yaratishingiz mumkin bo'ladi.
# Butun sonlar (int) age = 25 year = 2024 # O'nlik sonlar (float) price = 19.99 temperature = 36.6 # Kompleks sonlar (complex) z = 3 + 4j
# Matn yaratish name = "Ahmad" surname = 'Karimov' # Matn methodlari text = "Python dasturlash" print(text.upper()) # PYTHON DASTURLASH print(text.lower()) # python dasturlash print(text.title()) # Python Dasturlash
is_student = True is_graduated = False # Mantiqiy operatorlar print(True and False) # False print(True or False) # True print(not True) # False
age = 25 print(type(age)) # <class 'int'> print(isinstance(age, int)) # True
age = 18
if age >= 18:
print("Siz voyaga yetgansiz")
else:
print("Siz hali voyaga yetmagansiz")
ball = 85
if ball >= 90:
print("A'lo baho")
elif ball >= 80:
print("Yaxshi baho")
elif ball >= 70:
print("Qoniqarli baho")
else:
print("Qoniqarsiz baho")
Ternary operator: status = "Katta" if age >= 18 else "Kichik"
# Raqamlar bilan ishlash
for i in range(5):
print(f"Qadam {i}")
# Range parametrlari
for i in range(1, 11): # 1 dan 10 gacha
print(i)
# Matn bilan ishlash
name = "Python"
for letter in name:
print(letter)
# Oddiy while loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(f"Sanoq: {count}")
count += 1
# Parol tekshirish
password = ""
while password != "123":
password = input("Parolni kiriting: ")
if password != "123":
print("Noto'g'ri parol!")
# Break - loopni to'xtatish
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i) # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
# Continue - keyingi iteratsiyaga o'tish
for i in range(10):
if i % 2 == 0:
continue
print(i) # 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
# Bo'sh list fruits = [] numbers = list() # Qiymatlar bilan fruits = ["olma", "banan", "apelsin"] numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] mixed = [1, "salom", 3.14, True]
| Method | Tavsif | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| .append() | Oxiriga qo'shish | fruits.append("uzum") |
| .insert() | Belgilangan joyga qo'shish | fruits.insert(1, "shaftoli") |
| .remove() | Qiymat bo'yicha o'chirish | fruits.remove("banan") |
| .pop() | Oxirigisini o'chirish | fruits.pop() |
| .sort() | Tartibga solish | numbers.sort() |
# Oddiy usul
squares = []
for i in range(10):
squares.append(i**2)
# List comprehension
squares = [i**2 for i in range(10)]
# Shart bilan
even_squares = [i**2 for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
# Bo'sh tuple
empty_tuple = ()
empty_tuple = tuple()
# Qiymatlar bilan
coordinates = (10, 20)
colors = ("qizil", "yashil", "ko'k")
# Bir elementli tuple
single = (42,) # vergul muhim!
# Koordinatalar point = (10, 20) x, y = point # Qiymatlarni almashtirish a, b = 10, 20 a, b = b, a # a=20, b=10
# Tuple - o'zgarmas my_tuple = (1, 2, 3) # my_tuple[0] = 10 # Xato! # List - o'zgaruvchan my_list = [1, 2, 3] my_list[0] = 10 # To'g'ri!
numbers = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2) # Element sonini hisoblash count = numbers.count(2) # 3 # Element joylashuvini topish index = numbers.index(3) # 2
Tuple o'zgarmas (immutable)! Yaratilgandan keyin o'zgartirib bo'lmaydi. Bu xususiyat tuple'ni xavfsiz va tezroq qiladi.
# Bo'sh set
empty_set = set() # {} dict yaratadi!
# Qiymatlar bilan
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fruits = {"olma", "banan", "apelsin"}
# Listdan set yaratish
numbers_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]
unique_numbers = set(numbers_list) # {1, 2, 3, 4}
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
union_set = set1 | set2 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
# yoki
union_set = set1.union(set2)
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {2, 3, 4}
intersection_set = set1 & set2 # {2, 3}
# yoki
intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {2, 3, 4}
difference_set = set1 - set2 # {1}
# yoki
difference_set = set1.difference(set2)
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {2, 3, 4}
symmetric_diff = set1 ^ set2 # {1, 4}
# yoki
symmetric_diff = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)
| Method | Tavsif | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| .add() | Element qo'shish | fruits.add("uzum") |
| .remove() | Element o'chirish (xato beradi agar element yo'q bo'lsa) | fruits.remove("banan") |
| .discard() | Element o'chirish (xato bermaydi) | fruits.discard("banan") |
| .pop() | Ixtiyoriy elementni o'chirish | fruits.pop() |
| .clear() | Barcha elementlarni o'chirish | fruits.clear() |
To'plamlar takrorlanuvchi elementlarni saqlamaydi va tartib saqlanmaydi. Bu ularni unikal qiymatlar bilan ishlash uchun ideal qiladi.
1 dan 20 gacha sonlardan faqat juft sonlarni ro'yxatga kiritadigan dastur yozing.
# Yechim
even_numbers = [x for x in range(1, 21) if x % 2 == 0]
print(even_numbers)
Foydalanuvchidan matn qabul qilib, uni teskari tartibda chiqaradigan dastur yozing.
# Yechim
text = input("Matn kiriting: ")
reversed_text = text[::-1]
print(reversed_text)
Ikkita ro'yxatdan umumiy elementlarni topib, yangi to'plam sifatida chiqaring.
# Yechim
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list2 = [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
common_elements = set(list1) & set(list2)
print(common_elements)
Matn kiritib, undagi harflar sonini hisoblang